Bolsonaro has been arrested after authorities determined he posed a concrete flight risk while under domestic detention.
The one-time leader was found guilty of plotting a armed takeover in September and handed more than a 27-year term in prison, but he continued under home detention pending legal challenges.
Brazilian Supreme Court Justice the presiding justice said the move to detain the 70-year-old politician was a precautionary step after fresh information came to light.
This encompassed trying to remove his ankle monitor and a invitation to a demonstration that could "allow for a chance to flee".
In a paperwork permitting the custody, the judge said data from the centre monitoring Bolsonaro's house arrest suggested the former leader's aim to disable the surveillance device to guarantee victory in his escape.
This, it said, would be made easier by the confusion caused by the demonstration called by his child.
His offspring, Flávio Bolsonaro, who serves as a legislator, called for a assembly of his backers near his father's house to take place on Saturday evening.
The senator wrote on social media on the previous day: Do you plan to struggle for your country, or see it all from your smartphone there on your sofa? I urge you to fight with us."
He said the demonstration would be so supporters could "pray for his health and for the return of democracy in our country."
Part of the judge's determination was the potential of his transfer to embassies near the dwelling, considering that the investigations revealed a background of planning to ask for protection through a embassy office", a announcement said.
The judicial paperwork emphasizes that the US embassy in the national capital, Brazil's capital, is located around 8 miles from the former president's residence.
Bolsonaro's legal woes have generated frustration from fellow right-wing populist United States President President Trump, leading him to implement a half-rate duty on goods coming from Brazil.
He is being held in a national police facility in Brasilia and will experience a custody hearing on Sunday.
It was only on last Friday that the former president's lawyers asked the Supreme Court to authorize him to serve his whole jail sentence under house arrest, with electronic monitoring.
They also petitioned that he be authorized to leave his home for healthcare, saying he required regular treatment for pulmonary infections and other ailments.
The former president was convicted of leading a plot aimed at retaining his authority after he lost the 2022 election to his political opponent, President Lula.
Supreme Court justices said that he was aware of a plan which involved plans to murder the current president and his vice-presidential running mate, Geraldo Alckmin, and to detain and kill Alexandre de Moraes - the High Court judge who has been managing his judicial proceedings.
The conspiracy was stopped because it failed to get the support of the armed forces officials. His successor was took office without problem on 1 January 2023.
But a week later, on 8 January, numerous his backers attacked and damaged public facilities in the federal district, the capital city.
The law enforcement took action and around fifteen hundred individuals were taken into custody.
The magistrates found that the rioters had been incited by Bolsonaro whose scheme, they said, was for the country's army to intervene, reestablish control and bring him back to power.
At the time, Bolsonaro's lawyers called the over 27-year sentence unreasonably severe".
He was also barred from running for public office until twenty-sixty - eight years later after the conclusion of his imprisonment.
The one-time head of state called the trial a targeted investigation" and said it was intended to stop him participating in the 2026 presidential election.
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